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Second year 14 lessons About 3.5 hours in all

Second-year electrical apprentice program

Second year is where the trade moves from DC to AC — and where most of the “why does it do that?” questions get answered. Thirteen lessons take you from the sine wave to three-phase motors, then back to the job: lighting controls, services and panels, wiring methods, voltage drop, and a method for finding faults. Each lesson has a drawing, worked examples with real numbers, the mistakes people make on site, and a quiz that marks itself.

Work through them in order if you are studying for your second-year block; each one leans on the one before. Or dip into whichever one your class is on this week. The review quiz at the end covers the whole year in fifteen questions. Everything here is the physics and the method — the rules that turn it into an installation are in your code book (the Canadian Electrical Code, or the NEC in the US), and your school and your journeyperson have the final word.

The lessons, in order

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  1. AC fundamentals The sine wave, frequency, peak and peak-to-peak, and why a 120 V supply actually swings to about 170 V. Lesson + quiz · 16 min
  2. Inductance A coil fights any change in its own current: what that looks like on DC, on AC, and when you open a switch on one. Lesson + quiz · 15 min
  3. Capacitance Two plates and a gap that store charge: charging, the time constant, and why a capacitor can bite after the power is off. Lesson + quiz · 15 min
  4. Reactance and impedance XL = 2πfL, XC = 1/(2πfC), and how resistance and reactance combine into impedance at right angles. Lesson + quiz · 18 min
  5. Power factor and the power triangle Watts, VARs and volt-amps, what a lagging power factor costs, and how capacitors correct it. Lesson + quiz · 16 min
  6. Single-phase transformers Turns ratio, full-load current from kVA, additive and subtractive polarity, and series or parallel windings for 120/240. Lesson + quiz · 18 min
  7. Intro to three-phase Why three phases, 120° apart; line and phase values in wye and delta; where √3 comes from. Lesson + quiz · 18 min
  8. Magnetism and motors Fields, electromagnets, force on a conductor, the rotating field, synchronous speed and slip. Lesson + quiz · 17 min
  9. Lighting circuits and controls Switching from one, two and three places, dimmers, occupancy sensors, photocells, contactors and low-voltage control. Lesson + quiz · 15 min
  10. Services and panels From the utility to the branch circuit: the service, the meter, the main disconnect, the panel, and where neutral and ground meet. Lesson + quiz · 16 min
  11. Cables and raceways NM, armoured and TECK-style cable, EMT, rigid, PVC and flex — what each wiring method is and why you would pick it. Lesson + quiz · 14 min
  12. Voltage drop Why long runs lose volts, the out-and-back formula, and working it with the resistance from your own code book. Lesson + quiz · 16 min
  13. A troubleshooting method Symptom, half-split, test, fix, verify — a method you can use on any circuit instead of swapping parts. Lesson + quiz · 15 min
  14. Second-year review quiz Fifteen questions across AC, transformers, three-phase, motors and troubleshooting. Review quiz · 12 min

Tools for the second year

Calculators that go with these lessons. Each one shows its working underneath, and every result can be emailed, copied or printed so it ends up in your notes.

Preguntas frecuentes

What does a second-year electrical apprentice learn?

Mostly alternating current and what it does: the sine wave and RMS values, inductance and capacitance, reactance and impedance, power factor, transformers, three-phase systems, and how motors turn. Alongside that come the practical topics — lighting controls, services and panels, wiring methods, voltage drop — and a proper troubleshooting method. The exact outline varies by province or state and by school, but the theory is the same everywhere.

Do I need to finish the first year first?

You should be comfortable with Ohm’s law, the power formulas and series-parallel circuits, because every second-year lesson uses them. If any of that is shaky, the first-year program covers it; its review quiz is a quick way to check.

Is this enough to pass my block or level exam?

It is study help, not a replacement for your school’s course or your code book. Use it to understand the ideas and to practise the arithmetic, then work through your program’s own material and the code questions, which depend on your jurisdiction’s code edition.

Does my progress save?

Yes, in this browser. Each lesson’s quiz remembers your answers and your best score, and the list below ticks a lesson once you pass its quiz at 80% or better. Nothing is sent anywhere unless you have signed in to sync.

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